Salt Chemistry Definition - An Introduction

Salt Chemistry Definition - An IntroductionThe salt chemistry definition provides the crystallographic and molecular structure of a crystal. It was an invention of Antoine-Augustin Galvani, an Italian mathematician and scientist. He was inspired by observation of crystallized glass containing crystals of silver salts, some of which were formed in the presence of moisture.He further went on to describe how these ions can move from one place to another. This allowed him to discover how mineral substances could absorb energy from the light energy in a sun or other external source. This, in turn, resulted in the development of modern photoelectric technology, in which this energy can be converted into electricity.The basic process by which these crystalline and hydrated salts are made is based on the gravitational force between ions, the ones that have their own individual mass. These particles are attracted to each other by the attraction force known as repulsion. They cannot move from their present position; rather, they stay together. These are some of the basic properties of salt particles, which can then be found in the crystals that you see in nature.The basics of chemistry contain many steps, such as measuring and setting the phases of a crystal, and so the definition is usually extended to include these four concepts. For example, molecular bonds determine how long a molecule will be. It is the molecular structure of molecules that determines the volume of a substance. And finally, the number of atoms in a crystal determines the density of the material.Now, let's take a look at the basic process in the formation of salt crystals. Let's assume that a crystal of sodium chloride has been prepared, consisting of only one sodium ion. We have already learned that the sodium ion moves from the upper regions of the liquid to the lower regions, but it cannot reach the empty spaces above, where water has not yet evaporated.When the temperature of the liquid rises, a negative charge will be generated in sodium. That's because the water molecules that surround the sodium ion are heavier than the sodium itself. This, combined with the fact that the sodium atom's electric charges are higher than the other charged atoms, allows the sodium ion to bind to the other elements in the liquid.Water is a common example of a substance that evaporates, and in the crystals in the glass, that occurs when the temperature of the liquid rises. With this information, we can understand how the common salt forms. A salt crystal, composed of sodium chloride, will be produced when it's cooled down. As it begins to dissolve in the liquid, the sodium ions are pushed towards the voids between them, where water has not yet evaporated. At the same time, some of the oxygen atoms that have occupied the empty space begin to move away from the sodium ions, because of its greater affinity for the oxygen atoms.When the sodium ions become sufficiently large, their negative and pos itive electric potentials combine to become a free ion. This is the sodium atom. After all the sodium ions have joined together and have been fully ionized, the ionic fluid will have turned into a solid salt.

What Is Molecule in Chemistry?

What Is Molecule in Chemistry?What is Molecule in Chemistry? Molecule in chemistry means an atomic molecule that is made up of atoms that have been split apart. Molecules are the building blocks of life.Molecules in chemistry help to initiate chemical reactions that occur in living matter. Molecules can bind together and combine with each other to form larger molecules, which are the basis of living matter.Molecules are measured in terms of moles per liter. Molecules are tiny and are in our bodies at the molecular level. Each human being has only about one mole, or one-billionth of a mole, of water in their body.Molecules are part of what makes up all of the molecular oxygen in our bodies. Molecules are made of lighter atoms and larger atoms. The two big ones are hydrogen and oxygen. Molecules can be made in many different ways.The ability to make molecules is part of our mind and it's possible for you to become able to change your molecular structure, which makes it possible for you to learn more about what you eat and what you drink. You can choose to eat healthier foods that will not fill your body with a toxin called preservatives. You can choose to eat nutritious foods to keep your metabolism active, rather than lying in bed all day watching television.What is Molecule in Chemistry? Molecule in Chemistry is a confusing term because we have never really gotten to the bottom of it. Molecules are composed of smaller atoms that come together and are unbroken.Science has been built upon the principles of these smaller pieces of matter called atoms. Molecules make up all of the substances that we know today such as water, land, air, and more.

Antiderivative of X

Antiderivative of X Anti-derivatives is the reverse or opposite of derivatives. Here the function given is x and the exponent to which the variable is raised is 1. The power rule is used to find the anti-derivative for any function which contains a variable raised to an exponent.According to the power rule any function which has the variable raised to the power n is written as xn has theanti-derivative = xn dx= x(n+1)/ (n+1) + c.Hence the anti- derivative of the function x is 1x2/2. Example 1: Find the anti-derivative of the function f(x) = x + 6x3 Here the given function is f(x) = x + 6x3 The anti-derivative of x is 1/2 * x2 Using the power rule, the anti-derivative of 6x3 has to be found. Power rule states that anti-derivative of xn = xn dx= x(n+1)/ (n+1) + c Therefore, the anti-derivative of 6x3 is 6x4/4. Hence F(x) = 1x2/2 + 3x4/2 + c Example 2: Find the anti-derivative of the function f(x) = 15 x. Here the given function is f(x) = 15 - 3x. The anti-derivative of x is 1/2 x2 Using the power rule, the anti-derivative of 15 has to be found. Power rule states that anti-derivative of xn = xn dx= x(n+1)/ (n+1) + c 15 can be written as 15 x0. Therefore, the anti-derivative of 15 x0 is 15x1 Hence F(x) = 15 x -x2/2 + c

4 Confusing Grammar Rules Cleared Up

4 Confusing Grammar Rules Cleared Up Confusing grammar rules frequent the English language. Whether youve been composing essays in college for a couple of years or are just entering high school English, there are a handful of common errors that can trip you up. Correct grammar is essential for effective communication, both spoken and written, so it is important to brush up on these details every now and then to ensure you are showcasing your best potential to teachers, peers, and future employers. While there are numerous intricacies to the English language, lets take a look at four commonly confused grammar rules 1. You and me vs. You and I This is the one that you may often hear people changing as they speak. There is a misunderstanding that it is always wrong to say you and me, when in fact, you and me has its own unique usage which differs from that of you and I. In short, you and I is a subject pronoun; you can think of it as we. For example, You and I went to the market for fresh bread. You and I can be substituted for we without any problem (We went to the market for fresh bread.). On the other hand, you and me is an object pronoun; you can think of it as us. For example, He bought this fresh bread for you and me. You and me can be substituted for us (He bought this fresh bread for us.). To help you decide whether to use you and me or you and I, plug in we or us, respectively, and see which one fits. [RELATED: Study Strategies for Reading] 2. Lie vs. Lay It is easy to remember that one definition of lie is to tell something that is untrue. Of course, lie can also mean to recline, as in lie down on the couch. The chief difference between lie and lay is that lay requires a direct object, while lie does not. For example, in the sentence, the bird is laying eggs, the eggs are the direct objects being lain. Now, think about the sentence, the mother lays the baby on the changing table. What is the direct object? If you guessed it was the baby, you are correct. 3. I.e. vs. e.g. I.e. and e.g. are handy abbreviations for the purpose of clarification, both of which come from Latin. But, contrary to popular belief, these terms should not be used interchangeably. I.e. means in other words, while e.g. means for example. Here is an illustration of how to use them properly: -Only 25% of test takers passed the test the first time i.e., most students failed the test on their first attempt. -Our caf offers non-dairy substitutes e.g., coconut, almond, and soy milk for use in coffee beverages. An easy way to remember when to use i.e. and e.g. is by the letter they each start with. Think of the i in i.e. as in (in other words) and the e in e.g. as example (for example). You will never confuse them again! 4. Good vs. well You probably already know the difference between good and well when they act as nouns (a manufactured good, a water-filled well). But what about their usage in other contexts? In short, good is an adjective; it describes a noun (a good vacation, a good idea). Well is an adverb; it describes the way in which an action is done (he plays the clarinet well). It may seem complicated with phrases like a well written story and a well articulated point. However, we can look at these phrases and see that well is still acting as an adverb. Written and articulated are the adjectives. Now is the perfect time to become more familiar with English grammar rules, if you have not already. Employing proper grammar will be extremely beneficial not just in your time as a student, but in college applications, grad school admissions, and job hunting down the line. A great way to keep these sharpened skills on your mind (in addition to studying) is simply to read and write on a regular basis with a little practice, these rules, and others, are more than likely to stick with you! Any topics you want to know more about? Let us know! The Varsity Tutors Blog editors love hearing your feedback and opinions. Feel free to email us at blog@varsitytutors.com.

The Best Tips For Buying Maths Equipment

The Best Tips For Buying Maths Equipment Maths: How To Choose Your Basic Equipment? ChaptersWhat Is The Essential Maths Equipment Needed For The Maths ClassroomMaths Equipment For SchoolThe back to a school shopping list is a long one, especially with the ever-growing number of subjects in the education program. This curriculum development has meant that now not only do you have to provide the basic school supply list for students. But you also have to add to this special equipment for classes like arts crafts (art supplies like a sketchbook, coloured pencils, paints, an easel and crayons) or get costumes for a role play or active play in the school theatre.The school math curriculum alone requires a large number of back to school supplies. School shopping for a mathematics course alone can include a scientific calculator (depending on the grade level for lower grade a basic calculator is fine), textbooks, post it, paper clips, a binder, rulers, markers, highlighters, sharpeners, an eraser not to mention the basics like pens and pencils. This excludes any real moder n conveniences and high ticket items.Despite how long the school supplies list happens to be. It is the parent's job to guide their children and provide them with all of the tools which create the opportunity to perform at their best. It is the child's job to take that opportunity and those tools and turn them into success. Student achievement provides a flash opening to better privileges, university placements, higher paid jobs and happier life overall. Knowing you have done your best and had the opportunity to demonstrate that it is a rewarding feeling that is hard to beat.So while the ever-growing school supply list could be fast multiplying into school supply lists. Lack of study/office supplies should not stand in the way of Student learning, and it should not be the thing to disrupt the learning environment. For example to try to find or borrow equipment in the middle of classroom activities.For students, mathematics courses can be a challenge, times tables, counting, dividing , multiplying, calculus, fractions, algebra, addition and subtraction are just the tips of the iceberg when it comes to maths courses and student development.Looking at high school math, let's consider which equipment is needed to excel on the course. MyriamMaths Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £200/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Dr parikhMaths Teacher 5.00 (8) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors KamalMaths Teacher 5.00 (9) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PetarMaths Teacher 5.00 (8) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GowsikaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RubenMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ConorMaths Teacher 4.75 (4) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhat Is The Essential Maths Equipment Needed For The Maths ClassroomIf you are heading back to school or sending your child back to school , it can be daunting to know what to buy for your child. The good thing is that if you ask your math teacher, they will be able to give you either a math worksheet with the lesson plans for the coming year so that you can research the equipment required. Or if they are more organised, they will provide you with a math class supply list.You don’t have to wait to ask for this list, as a core subject, the math curriculum doesn’t change much. So teachers will be able to advise you on what will be useful for your entire high school or college attendance. However, if you prefer to go year by year, you can ask teachers at school open evenings, parents meetings, write notes to the teacher or arrange an end of year meeting with the teachers you would like to talk to.If you have missed the opportunity to speak to the educators at school or don’t have the time for that, however, then the below list will be very useful to get you started.Discover a maths tutor that can help you through le arning maths here.The back to a school shopping list is a long one. Photo Source: UnsplashMaths Equipment For SchoolCalculatorIt may surprise you to find out that there are many types of calculators in the market. Each different kind of calculator is meant for a different job. The simple calculator in kindergarten may be the same as the one used in primary school, but it most certainly will change when you get to high school, college and university.While you can do the more complex calculations on a basic calculator, it really serves you well to invest in a calculator that will meet your needs. The whole point of a calculator, after all, is to help you with mathematics.Simple Calculator - This is the Primary school level calculator which specialises in subtraction, addition, multiplication and division.Scientific Calculator â€" The scientific calculator can do everything that the simple calculator can do. It is also able to perform much more complex equations and calculations. You c an perform calculations like Pre-Algebra,  Algebra, Precalculus,  Calculus, Geometric, Fractions, Equations, Algebraic, Competency, Trigonometry, exponents and logarithms. This is a high school to university level calculator. This is the most useful calculator and the one that makes the best investment for a math studentGraphing Calculator - The Graphing calculator can do everything that the simple calculator (like Pre-Algebra and Precalculus) and the scientific calculator can do (like Geometry,  Trigonometry and algebraic calculations). It also has the added function of being able to perform calculations of integral calculus and matrices. And when you type something in to be calculated you will see a graph of it in the graphing calculator screen. This is a calculator for college and university level students.guide their children and provide them with all of the tools which create the opportunity to perform at their best. Photo Source: UnsplashGeometric Measuring  ToolsGeometry is a type of maths that works out the areas and diameters of 2-D shapes and figures as well as points, lines and angles.The four important tools of geometryRuler - A ruler is a tool that we all know and love because despite its simplicity we can not live without it if we want to draw straight lines. It also is used to measure distances. One with 12 inches and 30 cm will be fine for any math class no matter what grade level the student is in.Compass - This a tool used to draw circles or arcs of circles. It is a metal tool set in a v shape that has a point on one tip and a hole to hold a pencil on the other.Protractor â€" Not too dissimilar to the ruler except this is set in a semi-circular shape with measurements of angles from 0 to 180 degrees.  When you lay, the protector on the angle that you want to measure you will be able to easily work out the degrees.PaperWhether for maths or other classes, while you are studying, you are going to need some paper. In maths, you will use this for class notes, calculations and general study.Rough Note Paper - This paper can be from recycled paper found on paper bags, draft paper, receipts, the back off printed throwaways, or you can buy it. The Post it is a fancy version of this kind of paper.Graph Paper â€" This paper as it sounds is made up of lines that cross to create small squares it is often used in maths as it makes it easier to write out equations, draw graphs and design charts.CarriersNow that you have all of your maths kits don’t forget to buy something to carry it in.A pencil case â€" The pencil case allows you to carry everything you need and doesn’t take up too much space on your desk. A great way to organise your kit since you will have lots of different classes. Is to have a general pencil case with your basic stationery in it, then have class specific pencil cases that have the tools for your specific courses.backpacks â€" The backpack is another great tool for organising yourself for school. Buy one that has enough space for all of your books and other stuff. Buy a smaller bag for your gym kit if you have gym classes. As dirty trainers will tear and mess up homework and coursework in your main rucksack. It is advisable to have separate bags. If you do swimming or art too. As wet paint and a damp swimming costume will ruin anything in your backpack.Essential Maths Equipment Needed For The Maths Classroom. Photo Source: UnsplashOther Basic stationeryPens â€" gel pens are my favourite as they give a smooth writing experience. They also have a padded finger area. But pens are a personal choice.Pencils â€" this is very important as it is better to use pencils over pens in math as you will likely need to erase things lot as you update your work.Eraser â€" as mentioned above they need to keep work up to date and correct pencil mark mistakes. (liquid erasers like tipex are also useful for mistakes made with pens.)Highlighters / coloured pencils â€" help to highlight your work and create eas y to read sections. You can also use different coloured pens for this reason.Notebook, planner â€" Notebooks are essential for taking notes in class and for your own thoughts on the course and the work. Planners, however, are great for planning out your workload, homework, and your time table.Being a student is hard work, even the math equipment you have to invest in is a long list. However, the reality is that while the tools are useful, it is really you that brings success to your student life. However, you approach this part of your life to remember that learning is a lifelong journey.If you are looking for back to school kit ideas for young kids, check out the math supplies for kids blog!

To Learn More Keep Testing Yourself

To Learn More Keep Testing Yourself It turns out that taking a test isnt just a teachers easy way of finding out where students stand or forcing them to read a chapter in a textbook. Testing might actually boost student learning and improve memory retention, according to a report cited in the New York Times. The report, published in the journal Science, concluded that students who read a passage and were then tested a week later on what they read retained about 50% more of the information than students who used other, common study methods. The other methods students used were repeatedly studying the material cramming and creating detailed diagrams of the information, connecting it all together in students own words and thoughts. Many teachers believe that the latter method is an effective method for studying because it forces students to create connections among information points. These two methods can give students the false belief that they know the information better than they actually do, according to the report. The results surprised many cognitive psychologists and other educational scientists who long believed that creating connections among information was the best method of learning. For the test, researchers placed 200 college students in two experiments, both experiments had them read several passages about scientific subjects, like the digestive system or muscle tissues. In the first experiment, students were separated into four groups. The first simply read the passage in a five-minute session, the second read it in four separate, five-minute intervals, the third engaged in concept mapping, creating hand-drawn diagrams and bubbles to link the information they read in their own, personally-organized fashion, the fourth group took a retrieval practice test, where they free wrote every thing they remembered for 10 minutes. This group then reread the passage and took a second retrieval practice test. All four groups were than given a short-answer test a week later, assessing how much of the information they could recall and the logical conclusions they could create about what they had read. The students in the fourth group, who performed the retrieval practice tests, outperformed all other groups. The second experiment focused only on concept mapping and retrieval practice testing. Students were separated into two groups. One group created a concept map, and the other group took tests, asking them to recall information. Similar to the first experiments results, the students who took retrieval tests recalled more information a week later, even when they were asked to draw a concept map from memory. Cognitive psychologists cannot exactly pinpoint what causes these results. But, many believe its because taking preliminary tests gives our brains practice. Our brains can create contextual cues and patterns for remembering information during the preliminary tests, making recall easier because the brain can then remember the cues and the patterns, which can then lead to remembering the information itself. Then once the second test is administered, our brains can easily recall these patterns or context cues because they were previously in our minds. These results have practical applications as many teachers administer quizzes or practice tests before larger, more-weighted exams, or even when teachers administer mid-term exams then final exams. Students who were previously tested on material will be able to remember it more effectively when they are tested again.

4 Questions to Ask Your Child About School

4 Questions to Ask Your Child About School Through report cards, parent-teacher conferences, and grades posted online, tracking your childs educational progress is often relatively easy to do. Aside from these mediums, though, one of the best ways parents can assess progress is by having regular conversations with their student. This will help you not only gauge how theyre doing, but also teach them to reflect meaningfully on what theyre working on in school. Questions to ask your child about school include what they find interesting, areas where they encounter confusion, and their favorite activities. Looking to help your student finish the school year on a good note? Keep reading to learn four questions to ask your child about school. Question #1 to ask your child about school: What do you know, what do you want to know, and what have you learned? KWLwhich stands for know, want to know, and learnedis a series of questions that may already be familiar to your child, as some teachers begin units by filling out KWL charts as a class. This technique works at home too, and is best for gauging progress on a specific subject, unit, or concept. Have your child list things that they know about a concept, as well as what they want to know. This is especially helpful to do during a unit to see how theyre progressing through the quarter or semester. At the end of the unit or course, ask them what theyve learned. Is there anything theyve been exposed to, but still dont quite understand? Have they learned everything they wanted to know? A mismatch between the want to know and learned columns could signify one of two things: Theres something that you and your child should focus on and make sure to clarify as the class moves on. Theres an interest of your childs beyond what the course is designed to teach. This could be a place to explore and expand in terms of your childs academic or personal interests. [RELATED: How Parents Can Help Students Setand AchieveAcademic Goals] Question #2 to ask your child about school: What do you find interesting about [a specific subject]? KWL charts can be a wonderful tool, but sometimes students say theyve learned nothing at school when asked. One way to better focus your conversation is to ask about whats interesting about a subject or class instead. When your child talks about the subject, notice the way they speak about it and if they seem to have a strong grasp of the subject. This information can help clue you in on how confident your child feels in the given subject, and whether or not that confidence matches their comprehension of the material. [RELATED: 3 Questions to Ask Your Students Teacher Before The School Year Ends] Question #3 to ask your child about school: What do you find confusing about [a specific subject]? Similarly, asking whats confusing about a subject can help you learn more about how your child experiences school or a specific class. This may be difficult for your child to even put into words, but its a worthwhile endeavor and will often shed light on whats happening in class. Some follow-up questions can include: What do you do when youre confused in class? Does your teacher notice or know when youre confused about something? What does the teacher do when you or your classmates are confused? This might be a great time to offer some in-class or at-home strategies for your child to use when they get stuck. Consider their personality; when a student is shy or simply nervous to express their confusion in front of the whole class, suggest that your child write a note to the teacher or ask to speak to the teacher while other students are working on an assignment. Question #4 to ask your child about school: What are your favorite and least favorite activities? Finally, assessing your students educational progress can include getting a sense of class activitiesincluding what they enjoy and dont enjoy, as well as what activities are most or least helpful. This can help you understand the ways in which your child participates in class, works with other students, and how they best learn material. [RELATED: How to Support Your Stressed Student] The answers to any of these questions about school are great for you to help your child make a plan for how to best use homework time, in addition to coming up with strategies and things to do in class that will help them make the most of class time if theyre confused. This information would also be good to bring up in a conference with a teacher or guidance counselor. Remember that your childs teacher is on the same team as you to help your child succeed, and sharing information can help to best accomplish this. Any topics you want to know more about? Let us know! The Varsity Tutors Blog editors love hearing your feedback and opinions. Feel free to email us at blog@varsitytutors.com.